Description
GPR is a homolog of the fibrinogen E domain that exhibits antithrombotic and neuroprotective activities. GPR is a tripeptide originally found in species of Amaranthus; it inhibits fibrin assembly. In vitro, GPR and ferrocene conjugates of GPR inhibit formation of amyloid-β (Aβ 1-42) fibrils and degrade previously formed fibrils. In other cellular models, GPR inhibits Aβ-induced increases in lactate hydrogenase, activation of caspase 3, and activation of p53/NF-κB, preventing neuronal apoptosis.